Australia is home to some of the most distinctive creatures on earth. A cockatoo screeching from the gum tree out back, a blue-tongue lizard warming itself on the garden path – the wildlife is part of daily life. But not every animal you see, or admire, can be brought into your home.
To protect the country’s ecosystems, there are stricter rules that govern what pets people can have in their homes. For anyone new to Australia – or even lifelong residents – the laws can be confusing. So what exactly can you keep, and what’s off limits?
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Australian Pet Ownership Laws
Australia’s approach to pet ownership is shaped by its biosecurity concerns. Exotic pests and diseases could easily devastate native wildlife or agriculture, so the rules are tight.
Under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (NSW) and similar laws across the country:
- Wild animals can’t be taken from the bush – only those bred in captivity can be kept as pets.
- Licences are needed for many native species – including reptiles, amphibians and some birds.
- You must be at least 16 to apply for a licence.
- Everyday pets – dogs, cats and budgies – don’t need permits but must be properly cared for.
On top of that, the federal Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry controls animal imports. Australia does not allow most vertebrate animals to be brought in for private use. It’s a firm line, but one that has kept the country relatively free of invasive species.
The Pets Australians Love Most
Australians are famously fond of their pets. Surveys suggest almost two-thirds of households share their lives with an animal. Dogs and cats are still the favourites, but many families are branching out.
- Dogs and Cats – Reliable companions, but they come with needs: exercise, space, and attention. Cats are more independent but still need stimulation.
- Birds – Budgies, cockatiels and lovebirds are household staples. Larger parrots like galahs and cockatoos are kept too, though their long lifespans mean a serious commitment.
- Reptiles – Bearded dragons, blue-tongue lizards, turtles and pythons are growing in popularity. They require specialist care and permits.
- Small Mammals – Guinea pigs and rabbits remain popular with children. In Queensland, though, rabbits are banned without special permission.
- Fish – Freshwater species are easy to keep and perfect for smaller homes, though only approved ornamental fish are allowed.
What You Can’t Own
Australia is among the strictest countries when it comes to exotic pets. Animals that are perfectly legal in the US or parts of Europe are out of bounds here.
- Hedgehogs – prohibited, considered pests.
- Monkeys – limited to zoos and conservation programs.
- Owls and raptors – protected native birds, not for private ownership.
- Foxes – a handful of permits exist in NSW, but they’re not recommended.
- Frogs and amphibians – banned as pets, only used in research.
The reason behind such strict prohibition is simple: importing or keeping exotic animals risks introducing new diseases and endangering native species.
Picking the Right Pet for You
Choosing a pet is as much about your lifestyle as it is about the animal. It’s easy to be swept away by a cute puppy or a talking parrot, but both demand time and energy.
- Time – Dogs, parrots and rabbits need daily care. A fish tank may be more realistic for busy people.
- Space – Large dogs need a backyard. Cats or small birds can adjust to apartment life.
- Cost – Food, vet bills, housing and grooming add up. Some reptiles and large dogs can be particularly expensive.
- Neighbours – Barking dogs and noisy parrots can spark complaints. Quieter pets might be a better option in dense suburbs.
- Children – Guinea pigs and budgies are excellent with kids. Snakes, less so.
- Renting – Always check pet policies before moving. Some landlords allow pets, others do not.
A Student and Her Budgies
When Sophie, a student in Sydney, moved into a share house with no backyard, she had to rethink her dream of adopting a dog. Instead, she chose two budgerigars from a licensed breeder.
“They keep me company when I’m studying,” she says. “And because they have each other, I don’t feel guilty when I’m out at uni.”
For her, the decision was practical – a reminder that the right pet is the one that fits your life, not just your imagination.
Low-Maintenance Pets for Busy Australians
Not everyone has the time or space for a dog. These animals suit smaller homes and busier lifestyles:
- Fish – Regular feeding and water changes are required, but little else.
- Budgies or Canaries – Bright and cheerful, you do not need to give much attention.
- Reptiles (with licence) – Once set up, enclosures are relatively easy to maintain.
- Guinea Pigs – Low-cost, though they do need companionship.
- Cats – Independent but affectionate, and well-suited to apartment living.
The Cost of Pet Ownership
Companionship comes at a price. Annual expenses for common pets include:
- Dogs – $1,000 to $3,000 for food, vaccinations, flea treatments, grooming and vet care. Large breeds are dearer.
- Cats – $800 to $2,000 for food, litter and medical costs.
- Birds – $300 to $1,000 depending on species. Large parrots can cost thousands in care.
- Reptiles – upwards of $500 for enclosures, heating and food.
- Fish – $200 to $500 to set up a tank, plus small ongoing costs.
Unexpected vet bills can be steep, so many owners now buy pet insurance to stay on budget.
Frequently Asked Questions
What pets are legal in Australia?
Dogs, cats, guinea pigs, rabbits (except in Queensland), reptiles with licences, fish and certain birds.
Can I keep a hedgehog?
No. They are exotic and prohibited.
Are monkeys allowed?
No. Restricted to zoos and licensed conservation programs.
Can I own a fox?
Permits exist in NSW, but keeping a fox is not encouraged.
Are owls or eagles allowed?
No. All raptors are protected.
Do reptiles need a licence?
Yes. Snakes, turtles and lizards require permits and specialist care.
Can I import a pet fish?
Only approved ornamental species for aquariums.
Are frogs legal pets?
No. Amphibians are restricted to research.
Are rabbits legal everywhere?
No. Queensland bans rabbits as pets.
Do rentals allow pets?
It varies. Always confirm with landlords or agents.
Where to Check the Rules
Pet ownership laws vary by state and territory. Check with:
- National: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
- NSW: Department of Planning and Environment – Native Animal Keeper Licensing
- Victoria: Wildlife Victoria – Keeping Wildlife
- Queensland: QLD Government – Keeping or Owning Animals
- Western Australia: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
- South Australia: SA Government – Keeping and Using Native Animals
- Tasmania: NRE Tasmania – Keeping Wildlife
- Northern Territory: NT Parks and Wildlife – Permits
- ACT: Access Canberra – Native Animal Licensing
The Bottom Line
You may feel Australian pet laws are strict, but they’re there to protect our animals and the environment. Whether it’s a dog, cat, budgie or a licensed reptile, the right pet should fit your lifestyle, your home and your budget.
Get it right, and you’ll gain a companion that brings joy and comfort for years – one that thrives as part of your household, and in a way that respects the country’s unique wildlife.
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